Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Young Peter[original query] |
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%svy_freqs: A generic SAS macro for cross-tabulation between a factor and a by-group variable given a third variable and creating publication-quality tables using data from complex surveys (preprint)
Muthusi Jacques , Mwalili Samuel , Young Peter . bioRxiv 2019 771303 Introduction In epidemiological studies, cross-tabulations are a simple but important tool for understanding the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics among study participants. They become more useful when comparisons are presented using a by-group variable such as key demographic characteristic or an outcome status; for instance, sex or the presence or absence of a disease status. Most available statistical analysis software can easily perform cross-tabulations, however, output from these must be processed further to make it readily available for review and use in a publication. In addition, performing three-way cross-tabulations of complex survey data such as those required to show the distribution of disease prevalence across multiple factors and a by-group variable is not easily implemented directly using available standard procedures of commonly used statistical software.Methods We developed a generic SAS macro, %svy_freqs, to create quality publication-ready tables from cross-tabulations between a factor and a by-group variable given a third variable using survey or non-survey data. The SAS macro also performs classical two-way cross-tabulations and refines output into publication-quality tables. It provides extra features not available in existing procedures such as ability to incorporate parameters for survey design and replication-based variance estimation methods, performing validation checks for input parameters, transparently formatting character variable values into numeric ones and allowing for generalizability.Results We demonstrate the application of the SAS macro in the analysis of data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex survey designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States (U.S.).Conclusion The SAS code use to develop the macro is simple yet comprehensive, easy to follow, straightforward for the end user and simple for a SAS programmer to extend. The SAS macro has shown to shorten turn-around time for statistical analysis, eliminate errors when preparing output, and support reproducible research. |
HIV-associated mortality in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up - Nairobi, Kenya, 2015.
Young PW , Kim AA , Wamicwe J , Nyagah L , Kiama C , Stover J , Oduor J , Rogena EA , Walong E , Zielinski-Gutierrez E , Imbwaga A , Sirengo M , Kellogg TA , De Cock KM . PLoS One 2017 12 (8) e0181837 BACKGROUND: Declines in HIV prevalence and increases in antiretroviral treatment coverage have been documented in Kenya, but population-level mortality associated with HIV has not been directly measured. In urban areas where a majority of deaths pass through mortuaries, mortuary-based studies have the potential to contribute to our understanding of excess mortality among HIV-infected persons. We used results from a cross-sectional mortuary-based HIV surveillance study to estimate the association between HIV and mortality for Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. METHODS AND FINDINGS: HIV seropositivity in cadavers measured at the two largest mortuaries in Nairobi was used to estimate HIV prevalence in adult deaths. Model-based estimates of the HIV-infected and uninfected population for Nairobi were used to calculate a standardized mortality ratio and population-attributable fraction for mortality among the infected versus uninfected population. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess sensitivity to epidemiological assumptions. When standardized to the age and sex distribution of expected deaths, the estimated HIV positivity among adult deaths aged 15 years and above in Nairobi was 20.9% (95% CI 17.7-24.6%). The standardized mortality ratio of deaths among HIV-infected versus uninfected adults was 4.35 (95% CI 3.67-5.15), while the risk difference was 0.016 (95% CI 0.013-0.019). The HIV population attributable mortality fraction was 0.161 (95% CI 0.131-0.190). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated robustness of results. CONCLUSIONS: Although 73.6% of adult PLHIV receive antiretrovirals in Nairobi, their risk of death is four-fold greater than in the uninfected, while 16.1% of all adult deaths in the city can be attributed to HIV infection. In order to further reduce HIV-associated mortality, high-burden countries may need to reach very high levels of diagnosis, treatment coverage, retention in care, and viral suppression. |
Comprehensive research synopsis and systematic meta-analyses in Parkinson's disease genetics: The PDGene database.
Lill CM , Roehr JT , McQueen MB , Kavvoura FK , Bagade S , Schjeide BM , Schjeide LM , Meissner E , Zauft U , Allen NC , Liu T , Schilling M , Anderson KJ , Beecham G , Berg D , Biernacka JM , Brice A , DeStefano AL , Do CB , Eriksson N , Factor SA , Farrer MJ , Foroud T , Gasser T , Hamza T , Hardy JA , Heutink P , Hill-Burns EM , Klein C , Latourelle JC , Maraganore DM , Martin ER , Martinez M , Myers RH , Nalls MA , Pankratz N , Payami H , Satake W , Scott WK , Sharma M , Singleton AB , Stefansson K , Toda T , Tung JY , Vance J , Wood NW , Zabetian CP , Young P , Tanzi RE , Khoury MJ , Zipp F , Lehrach H , Ioannidis JP , Bertram L . PLoS Genet 2012 8 (3) e1002548 More than 800 published genetic association studies have implicated dozens of potential risk loci in Parkinson's disease (PD). To facilitate the interpretation of these findings, we have created a dedicated online resource, PDGene, that comprehensively collects and meta-analyzes all published studies in the field. A systematic literature screen of ~27,000 articles yielded 828 eligible articles from which relevant data were extracted. In addition, individual-level data from three publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were obtained and subjected to genotype imputation and analysis. Overall, we performed meta-analyses on more than seven million polymorphisms originating either from GWAS datasets and/or from smaller scale PD association studies. Meta-analyses on 147 SNPs were supplemented by unpublished GWAS data from up to 16,452 PD cases and 48,810 controls. Eleven loci showed genome-wide significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) association with disease risk: BST1, CCDC62/HIP1R, DGKQ/GAK, GBA, LRRK2, MAPT, MCCC1/LAMP3, PARK16, SNCA, STK39, and SYT11/RAB25. In addition, we identified novel evidence for genome-wide significant association with a polymorphism in ITGA8 (rs7077361, OR 0.88, P = 1.3 x 10(-8)). All meta-analysis results are freely available on a dedicated online database (www.pdgene.org), which is cross-linked with a customized track on the UCSC Genome Browser. Our study provides an exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the status of PD genetics research that can be readily scaled to include the results of future large-scale genetics projects, including next-generation sequencing studies. |
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